AirThings Radon Meter Alpha Spectrometer "Hack"

Scintillation crystals, PMTs, voltage dividers etc...
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Bob-O-Rama
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AirThings Radon Meter Alpha Spectrometer "Hack"

Post by Bob-O-Rama » 27 Mar 2026, 04:37

Its not even really a hack. The Corentium AitThings Home radon meters implement a Theremino style ( pulse stretching ) alpha spectrometer based on a fairly large PIN diode. There are, conveniently, two test points in the analog section of the PCB ( covered by the metallized plastic shield ). One provides access to the processed analog pulses, which are about 1 vpp in amplitude, and another is a logic level pulse whose duration is proportional to pulse height. So this presumably is monitored by the microcontroller and used to discriminate between various radon daughters and thoron.

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The test points are the circular pad seen here:

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Left is the analog, right is the digital. The red trace is the outoput of a long chain of ion pumps that produce about 25 vdc. The blue is the pulse signal from the photo diode.

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Radon decays in the sensitive volume of the canister, the Po-218 is electrostatically deposited onto the diode. Since it - and its decay series - are in contact with the diode, this greatly reduces the loss of energy ( and broadening of the peaks ) due to alpha particles traveling in air. For "real" sources, like contamination swabs, rocks, or an Am-241 button... a collimation screen can be used ( I'm going to go that route ) or pulling a vacuum. Since "normal" levels of radon produce a pulse every 10 minutes, and I am the impatient sort, rigged an emanation jar to dial up the radon to 11. The shoved 2000 pCi of radon in there... Its a bit of autunite in a porous sintered metal filter ( ~5 micron ) with a press fit stainless cap.

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Initially I used the logic level pulse, and oscilloscope sillyness to act as a MCA, this let me see if this was worth continuing with.

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With that encouraging result, I worked out the right resistance to get the pulses into the MCA... The pulses are about 10ms wide - so just barely fit into PRAs window - and the audio devices I have don't let you do less than 44K. But it worked well enough.

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The Po-218 peak cutoff is nice and sharp for these in-air sorts of measurements. The Po-214 is actually interesting, the right side slope reflects the very short half life beta decay ( 0.1 ms half life ) - and the coincidence summing of the alpha and beta stretch the peak. When you get higher rates you encounter pileup - this starts at about 20 - 30 cps. The spectrum is still nice. ( You can also see the buildup of radon in the emanation jar in the pulse vs time graph. )

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-- Bob
Bob Mahar
Allentown, PA, USA

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